67. 多発性嚢胞腎 Polycystic kidney disease Clinical trials / Disease details
臨床試験数 : 216 / 薬物数 : 219 - (DrugBank : 50) / 標的遺伝子数 : 39 - 標的パスウェイ数 : 151
No. | TrialID | Date_ enrollment | Date_ registration | Public_title | Scientific_title | Condition | Intervention | Primary_ sponsor | Secondary_ sponsor | Recruitment_ Status | Inclusion_ agemin | Inclusion_ agemax | Inclusion_ gender | Target_ size | Phase | Countries |
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1 | EUCTR2020-004400-34-NL (EUCTR) | 12/05/2021 | 04/02/2021 | Long-term treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) with venglustat | Multicenter, open-label, extension study to characterize the long-term efficacy and safety of early versus delayed treatment with venglustat (GZ/SAR402671) in patients at risk of rapidly progressive autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) - STAGED-PKD-EXT | Congenital cystic kidney disease MedDRA version: 20.0;Level: PT;Classification code 10010428;Term: Congenital cystic kidney disease;System Organ Class: 10010331 - Congenital, familial and genetic disorders;Therapeutic area: Diseases [C] - Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities [C16] | Product Name: Venglustat Product Code: SAR402671, GZ402671 or GZ/SAR402671 INN or Proposed INN: venglustat malate Other descriptive name: GZ/SAR402671 | Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement | NULL | Not Recruiting | Female: yes Male: yes | 640 | Phase 3 | Portugal;Taiwan;Spain;Turkey;Israel;United Kingdom;Italy;France;Czech Republic;Canada;Argentina;Poland;Belgium;Romania;Australia;Denmark;Netherlands;Germany;China;Korea, Republic of | ||
2 | EUCTR2020-004400-34-BE (EUCTR) | 11/05/2021 | 18/02/2021 | Long-term treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) with venglustat | Multicenter, open-label, extension study to characterize the long-term efficacy and safety of early versus delayed treatment with venglustat (GZ/SAR402671) in patients at risk of rapidly progressive autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) - STAGED-PKD-EXT | Congenital cystic kidney disease MedDRA version: 20.0;Level: PT;Classification code 10010428;Term: Congenital cystic kidney disease;System Organ Class: 10010331 - Congenital, familial and genetic disorders;Therapeutic area: Diseases [C] - Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities [C16] | Product Name: Venglustat Product Code: SAR402671, GZ402671 or GZ/SAR402671 INN or Proposed INN: venglustat malate Other descriptive name: GZ/SAR402671 | Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement | NULL | Not Recruiting | Female: yes Male: yes | 640 | Phase 3 | Portugal;Czechia;Taiwan;Spain;Turkey;Israel;United Kingdom;Italy;France;Canada;Argentina;Poland;Belgium;Romania;Australia;Denmark;Netherlands;Germany;China;Korea, Republic of | ||
3 | EUCTR2020-004400-34-PT (EUCTR) | 30/04/2021 | 05/03/2021 | Long-term treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) with venglustat | Multicenter, open-label, extension study to characterize the long-term efficacy and safety of early versus delayed treatment with venglustat (GZ/SAR402671) in patients at risk of rapidly progressive autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) - STAGED-PKD-EXT | Congenital cystic kidney disease MedDRA version: 20.0;Level: PT;Classification code 10010428;Term: Congenital cystic kidney disease;System Organ Class: 10010331 - Congenital, familial and genetic disorders;Therapeutic area: Diseases [C] - Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities [C16] | Product Name: Venglustat Product Code: SAR402671, GZ402671 or GZ/SAR402671 INN or Proposed INN: venglustat malate Other descriptive name: GZ/SAR402671 | Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement | NULL | Not Recruiting | Female: yes Male: yes | 640 | Phase 3 | Portugal;Czechia;Taiwan;Spain;Turkey;Israel;United Kingdom;Italy;France;Canada;Argentina;Poland;Belgium;Romania;Australia;Denmark;Netherlands;Germany;China;Korea, Republic of | ||
4 | EUCTR2020-004400-34-IT (EUCTR) | 14/04/2021 | 08/06/2021 | Long-term treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) with venglustat | Multicenter, open-label, extension study to characterize the long-term efficacy and safety of early versus delayed treatment with venglustat (GZ/SAR402671) in patients at risk of rapidly progressive autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) - STAGED-PKD-EXT | Congenital cystic kidney disease MedDRA version: 20.0;Level: PT;Classification code 10010428;Term: Congenital cystic kidney disease;System Organ Class: 10010331 - Congenital, familial and genetic disorders;Therapeutic area: Diseases [C] - Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities [C16] | Product Name: Venglustat Product Code: [SAR402671, GZ402671 o GZ/SAR402671] INN or Proposed INN: venglustat malato Other descriptive name: GZ/SAR402671 | SANOFI-AVENTIS RECHERCHE E DEVELOPPEMENT | NULL | Not Recruiting | Female: yes Male: yes | 640 | Phase 3 | Portugal;Czechia;Taiwan;Spain;Turkey;Israel;United Kingdom;Italy;France;Canada;Argentina;Poland;Belgium;Romania;Australia;Denmark;Netherlands;Germany;China;Korea, Republic of | ||
5 | EUCTR2020-004400-34-DE (EUCTR) | 23/03/2021 | 25/02/2021 | Long-term treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) with venglustat | Multicenter, open-label, extension study to characterize the long-term efficacy and safety of early versus delayed treatment with venglustat (GZ/SAR402671) in patients at risk of rapidly progressive autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) - STAGED-PKD-EXT | Congenital cystic kidney disease MedDRA version: 20.0;Level: PT;Classification code 10010428;Term: Congenital cystic kidney disease;System Organ Class: 10010331 - Congenital, familial and genetic disorders;Therapeutic area: Diseases [C] - Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities [C16] | Product Name: Venglustat Product Code: SAR402671, GZ402671 or GZ/SAR402671 INN or Proposed INN: venglustat malate Other descriptive name: GZ/SAR402671 | Sanofi-Aventis Recherche & Développement | NULL | Not Recruiting | Female: yes Male: yes | 640 | Phase 3 | Portugal;Czechia;Taiwan;Spain;Turkey;Israel;United Kingdom;Italy;France;Canada;Argentina;Poland;Belgium;Romania;Australia;Denmark;Germany;Netherlands;China;Korea, Republic of | ||
6 | JPRN-jRCT2031200348 | 09/02/2021 | 05/02/2021 | Long-term treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) with venglustat | Multicenter, open-label, extension study to characterize the long-term efficacy and safety of early versus delayed treatment with venglustat (GZ/SAR402671) in patients at risk of rapidly progressive autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) - STAGED-PKD-EXT | Congenital cystic kidney disease | Drug: Venglustat (GZ402671) Pharmaceutical form: capsule, Route of administration: oral | Tanaka Tomoyuki | NULL | Suspended | >= 18age old | Not applicable | Both | 640 | Phase 3 | United States;Japan |
7 | NCT04705051 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | February 9, 2021 | 8/1/2021 | Multicenter, Open-label, Extension Study to Characterize the Long-term Efficacy and Safety of Early Versus Delayed Treatment With Venglustat (GZ/SAR402671) in Patients at Risk of Rapidly Progressive Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) | Multicenter, Open-label, Extension Study to Characterize the Long-term Efficacy and Safety of Early Versus Delayed Treatment With Venglustat (GZ/SAR402671) in Patients at Risk of Rapidly Progressive Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) | Congenital Cystic Kidney Disease | Drug: Venglustat GZ402671 | Sanofi | NULL | Terminated | 18 Years | N/A | All | 24 | Phase 3 | United States;Australia;Belgium;France;Germany;Japan;Korea, Republic of;Netherlands;Romania;Spain |
8 | EUCTR2017-004084-12-AT (EUCTR) | 11/04/2019 | 14/01/2019 | A Medical Research Study Designed to Determine if Venglustat can be a Future Treatment for ADPKD Patients | Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Two Stage Study to Characterize the Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of GZ/SAR402671 in Patients at risk of Rapidly Progressive Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) - STAGED-PKD | Congenital, hereditary and neonatal diseases MedDRA version: 20.0;Level: LLT;Classification code 10036046;Term: Polycystic kidney, autosomal dominant;System Organ Class: 100000004850;Therapeutic area: Diseases [C] - Nervous System Diseases [C10] | Product Name: Venglustat Product Code: SAR402671, GZ402671 or GZ/SAR402671 INN or Proposed INN: Venglustat Other descriptive name: Genz-682452-AU Product Name: Venglustat Product Code: SAR402671, GZ402671 or GZ/SAR402671 INN or Proposed INN: Venglustat Other descriptive name: Genz-682452-AU | Genzyme Corporation | NULL | Not Recruiting | Female: yes Male: yes | 982 | Phase 2 | United States;Portugal;Czechia;Taiwan;Spain;Austria;United Kingdom;Switzerland;Italy;France;Czech Republic;Canada;Belgium;Romania;Australia;Denmark;Germany;Netherlands;China;Japan;Korea, Republic of | ||
9 | EUCTR2017-004084-12-NL (EUCTR) | 13/02/2019 | 06/06/2018 | A Medical Research Study Designed to Determine if Venglustat can be a Future Treatment for ADPKD Patients | Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Two Stage Study to Characterize the Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of GZ/SAR402671 in Patients at risk of Rapidly Progressive Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) - STAGED-PKD | Congenital, hereditary and neonatal diseases MedDRA version: 20.0;Level: LLT;Classification code 10036046;Term: Polycystic kidney, autosomal dominant;System Organ Class: 100000004850;Therapeutic area: Diseases [C] - Nervous System Diseases [C10] | Product Name: Venglustat Product Code: SAR402671, GZ402671 or GZ/SAR402671 INN or Proposed INN: Venglustat Other descriptive name: Genz-682452-AU Product Name: Venglustat Product Code: SAR402671, GZ402671 or GZ/SAR402671 INN or Proposed INN: Venglustat Other descriptive name: Genz-682452-AU | Genzyme Corporation | NULL | Not Recruiting | Female: yes Male: yes | 982 | Phase 2 | United States;Portugal;Czechia;Taiwan;Spain;Turkey;Austria;Israel;United Kingdom;Italy;France;Czech Republic;Canada;Argentina;Belgium;Romania;Australia;Denmark;Netherlands;Germany;Japan;China;Korea, Republic of | ||
10 | JPRN-JapicCTI-184192 | 31/1/2019 | 05/11/2018 | A Medical Research Study Designed to Determine if Venglustat can be a Future Treatment for ADPKD Patients. | Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Two Stage Study to Characterize the Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of GZ/SAR402671 in Patients at risk of Rapidly Progressive Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) | Polycystic kidney, autosomal dominant | Intervention name : GZ402671 INN of the intervention : venglustat Dosage And administration of the intervention : once daily for 24 months Control intervention name : Placebo INN of the control intervention : - Dosage And administration of the control intervention : once daily for 24 months | Sanofi K.K. | NULL | other | 18 | 55 | BOTH | 640 | Phase 2-3 | Japan, Asia except Japan, North America, South America, Europe, Oceania |
11 | EUCTR2017-004084-12-GB (EUCTR) | 28/01/2019 | 24/05/2018 | A Medical Research Study Designed to Determine if Venglustat can be a Future Treatment for ADPKD Patients | Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Two Stage Study to Characterize the Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of GZ/SAR402671 in Patients at risk of Rapidly Progressive Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) - STAGED-PKD | Congenital, hereditary and neonatal diseases MedDRA version: 20.0;Level: LLT;Classification code 10036046;Term: Polycystic kidney, autosomal dominant;System Organ Class: 100000004850;Therapeutic area: Diseases [C] - Nervous System Diseases [C10] | Product Name: Venglustat Product Code: SAR402671, GZ402671 or GZ/SAR402671 INN or Proposed INN: Venglustat Other descriptive name: Genz-682452-AU Product Name: Venglustat Product Code: SAR402671, GZ402671 or GZ/SAR402671 INN or Proposed INN: Venglustat Other descriptive name: Genz-682452-AU | Genzyme Corporation | NULL | Authorised-recruitment may be ongoing or finished | Female: yes Male: yes | 982 | Phase 2 | United States;Portugal;Czechia;Taiwan;Spain;Austria;Switzerland;United Kingdom;Italy;France;Czech Republic;Canada;Belgium;Romania;Australia;Denmark;Netherlands;Germany;China;Japan;Korea, Republic of | ||
12 | EUCTR2017-004084-12-DK (EUCTR) | 07/11/2018 | 23/05/2018 | A Medical Research Study Designed to Determine if Venglustat can be a Future Treatment for ADPKD Patients | Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Two Stage Study to Characterize the Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of GZ/SAR402671 in Patients at risk of Rapidly Progressive Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) - STAGED-PKD | Congenital, hereditary and neonatal diseases MedDRA version: 20.0;Level: LLT;Classification code 10036046;Term: Polycystic kidney, autosomal dominant;System Organ Class: 100000004850;Therapeutic area: Diseases [C] - Nervous System Diseases [C10] | Product Name: Venglustat Product Code: SAR402671, GZ402671 or GZ/SAR402671 INN or Proposed INN: Venglustat Other descriptive name: Genz-682452-AU Product Name: Venglustat Product Code: SAR402671, GZ402671 or GZ/SAR402671 INN or Proposed INN: Venglustat Other descriptive name: Genz-682452-AU | Genzyme Corporation | NULL | Not Recruiting | Female: yes Male: yes | 982 | Phase 2 | Portugal;United States;Czechia;Taiwan;Spain;Austria;United Kingdom;Switzerland;Italy;France;Czech Republic;Canada;Belgium;Romania;Denmark;Australia;Germany;Netherlands;China;Japan;Korea, Republic of | ||
13 | NCT03687554 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | October 5, 2018 | 26/9/2018 | Effect of Venglustat in Patients With Renal Impairment | A Phase I, Single-Center, Open-label, Single Dose Pharmacokinetic and Tolerability Study of GZ402671 in Subjects With Mild, Moderate and Severe Renal Impairment, and in Matched Subjects With Normal Renal Function | Healthy Volunteers;Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant | Drug: Venglustat GZ/SAR402671 | Genzyme, a Sanofi Company | NULL | Completed | 18 Years | 79 Years | All | 24 | Phase 1 | United States |
14 | NCT03523728 (ClinicalTrials.gov) | October 4, 2018 | 1/5/2018 | A Medical Research Study Designed to Determine if Venglustat Can be a Future Treatment for ADPKD Patients | Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Two Stage Study to Characterize the Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of GZ/SAR402671 in Patients at Risk of Rapidly Progressive Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) | Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant | Drug: Venglustat GZ402671;Drug: Placebo | Genzyme, a Sanofi Company | NULL | Terminated | 18 Years | 55 Years | All | 478 | Phase 2/Phase 3 | United States;Argentina;Australia;Austria;Belgium;Canada;China;Czechia;Denmark;France;Germany;Israel;Italy;Japan;Korea, Republic of;Netherlands;Poland;Portugal;Romania;Spain;Taiwan;Turkey;United Kingdom |
15 | EUCTR2017-004084-12-BE (EUCTR) | 31/08/2018 | 31/05/2018 | A Medical Research Study Designed to Determine if Venglustat can be a Future Treatment for ADPKD Patients | Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Two Stage Study to Characterize the Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of GZ/SAR402671 in Patients at risk of Rapidly Progressive Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) - STAGED-PKD | Congenital, hereditary and neonatal diseases MedDRA version: 20.0;Level: LLT;Classification code 10036046;Term: Polycystic kidney, autosomal dominant;System Organ Class: 100000004850;Therapeutic area: Diseases [C] - Nervous System Diseases [C10] | Product Name: Venglustat Product Code: SAR402671, GZ402671 or GZ/SAR402671 INN or Proposed INN: Venglustat Other descriptive name: Genz-682452-AU Product Name: Venglustat Product Code: SAR402671, GZ402671 or GZ/SAR402671 INN or Proposed INN: Venglustat Other descriptive name: Genz-682452-AU | Genzyme Corporation | NULL | Not Recruiting | Female: yes Male: yes | 982 | Phase 2 | United States;Portugal;Czechia;Taiwan;Spain;Austria;United Kingdom;Italy;France;Czech Republic;Canada;Belgium;Romania;Australia;Denmark;Germany;Netherlands;China;Japan;Korea, Republic of | ||
16 | EUCTR2017-004084-12-PT (EUCTR) | 06/08/2018 | 11/06/2018 | A Medical Research Study Designed to Determine if Venglustat can be a Future Treatment for ADPKD Patients | Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Two Stage Study to Characterize the Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of GZ/SAR402671 in Patients at risk of Rapidly Progressive Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) - STAGED-PKD | Congenital, hereditary and neonatal diseases MedDRA version: 20.0;Level: LLT;Classification code 10036046;Term: Polycystic kidney, autosomal dominant;System Organ Class: 100000004850;Therapeutic area: Diseases [C] - Nervous System Diseases [C10] | Product Name: Venglustat Product Code: SAR402671, GZ402671 or GZ/SAR402671 INN or Proposed INN: Venglustat Other descriptive name: Genz-682452-AU Product Name: Venglustat Product Code: SAR402671, GZ402671 or GZ/SAR402671 INN or Proposed INN: Venglustat Other descriptive name: Genz-682452-AU | Genzyme Corporation | NULL | Not Recruiting | Female: yes Male: yes | 982 | Phase 2 | Portugal;United States;Czechia;Taiwan;Spain;Austria;United Kingdom;Switzerland;Italy;France;Czech Republic;Canada;Belgium;Romania;Australia;Denmark;Netherlands;Germany;China;Japan;Korea, Republic of | ||
17 | EUCTR2017-004084-12-DE (EUCTR) | 10/07/2018 | 22/05/2018 | A Medical Research Study Designed to Determine if Venglustat can be aFuture Treatment for ADPKD Patients | Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Two Stage Study to Characterize the Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of GZ/SAR402671 in Patients at risk of Rapidly Progressive Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) - STAGED-PKD | Congenital, hereditary and neonatal diseases MedDRA version: 20.0;Level: LLT;Classification code 10036046;Term: Polycystic kidney, autosomal dominant;System Organ Class: 100000004850;Therapeutic area: Diseases [C] - Nervous System Diseases [C10] | Product Name: Venglustat Product Code: SAR402671, GZ402671 or GZ/SAR402671 INN or Proposed INN: Venglustat Other descriptive name: Genz-682452-AU Product Name: Venglustat Product Code: SAR402671, GZ402671 or GZ/SAR402671 INN or Proposed INN: Venglustat Other descriptive name: Genz-682452-AU | Genzyme Corporation | NULL | Not Recruiting | Female: yes Male: yes | 982 | Phase 2 | United States;Portugal;Czechia;Taiwan;Spain;Austria;United Kingdom;Switzerland;Italy;France;Czech Republic;Canada;Belgium;Romania;Australia;Denmark;Germany;Netherlands;China;Japan;Korea, Republic of | ||
18 | EUCTR2017-004084-12-CZ (EUCTR) | 03/07/2018 | 13/06/2018 | A Medical Research Study Designed to Determine if Venglustat can be a Future Treatment for ADPKD Patients | Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Two Stage Study to Characterize the Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of GZ/SAR402671 in Patients at risk of Rapidly Progressive Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) - STAGED-PKD | Congenital, hereditary and neonatal diseases MedDRA version: 20.0;Level: LLT;Classification code 10036046;Term: Polycystic kidney, autosomal dominant;System Organ Class: 100000004850;Therapeutic area: Diseases [C] - Nervous System Diseases [C10] | Product Name: Venglustat Product Code: SAR402671, GZ402671 or GZ/SAR402671 INN or Proposed INN: Venglustat Other descriptive name: Genz-682452-AU Product Name: Venglustat Product Code: SAR402671, GZ402671 or GZ/SAR402671 INN or Proposed INN: Venglustat Other descriptive name: Genz-682452-AU | Genzyme Corporation | NULL | Not Recruiting | Female: yes Male: yes | 982 | Phase 2 | United States;Portugal;Czechia;Taiwan;Spain;Austria;United Kingdom;Italy;France;Czech Republic;Canada;Belgium;Romania;Australia;Denmark;Netherlands;Germany;China;Japan;Korea, Republic of | ||
19 | EUCTR2017-004084-12-ES (EUCTR) | 05/06/2018 | 06/06/2018 | Study of Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of GZ/SAR402671 in Patients at risk of Rapidly Progressive Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) | Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Two Stage Study to Characterize the Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of GZ/SAR402671 in Patients at risk of Rapidly Progressive Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) - SAVE-PKD | Congenital, hereditary and neonatal diseases MedDRA version: 20.0;Level: LLT;Classification code 10036046;Term: Polycystic kidney, autosomal dominant;System Organ Class: 100000004850 ;Therapeutic area: Diseases [C] - Nervous System Diseases [C10] | Product Name: Venglustat Product Code: SAR402671, GZ402671 or GZ/SAR402671 INN or Proposed INN: Venglustat Other descriptive name: Genz-682452-AU Product Name: Venglustat Product Code: SAR402671, GZ402671 or GZ/SAR402671 INN or Proposed INN: Venglustat Other descriptive name: Genz-682452-AU | Genzyme Corporation | NULL | Authorised-recruitment may be ongoing or finished | Female: yes Male: yes | 836 | Human pharmacology (Phase 1): no Therapeutic exploratory (Phase 2): yes Therapeutic confirmatory - (Phase 3): no Therapeutic use (Phase 4): no | Portugal;United States;Taiwan;Spain;Austria;Italy;Switzerland;United Kingdom;France;Czech Republic;Canada;Belgium;Romania;Australia;Denmark;Netherlands;Germany;Japan;China;Korea, Republic of |